Use of Contact Lenses and Glasses | Dr. Hatice Semrin Timlioğlu İper

Eye health is one of the most important factors that directly affects the general quality of life. Nowadays, the use of contact lenses and glasses are commonly resorted to methods for correcting vision defects and increasing life comfort. However, the unconscious or incorrect use of these aids can lead to various problems that may threaten eye health. This comprehensive guide provides vital points to consider when using contact lenses and glasses, along with the most current information and practical advice, from the perspective of a specialist ophthalmologist. The aim is to assist in protecting eye health and ensuring the safe use of these vision aids. This information aims to minimize potential risks by enabling individuals to use both their lenses and glasses more consciously.

Why Is Correct Use of Contact Lenses and Glasses Indispensable for Your Eye Health?

Vision is the foundation of how we perceive the world. Vision defects can negatively affect many areas, from daily activities to work performance, social relationships, and general joy of life. Although contact lenses and glasses are effective tools in correcting these defects, their correct use is essential for them to fully and safely realize their potential. Conscious use not only ensures clear vision but also protects against serious risks such as eye infections, corneal damage, and long-term complications. While the incorrect or use of low-quality glasses can increase the risk of retinal damage and cataracts, the incorrect use of contact lenses can similarly lead to serious eye health problems. Therefore, correct information and habits play a proactive role in protecting eye health.

Comprehensive Guide for Contact Lens Users

Contact lenses offer an excellent alternative for individuals who prefer not to wear glasses or have an active lifestyle. However, not every lens is suitable for everyone, and correct use is vital for eye health.

How Do You Choose the Most Suitable Contact Lens for You?

Choosing the right contact lens is critical for eye health, comfort, and visual quality. This selection must absolutely be made as a result of a detailed examination and evaluation by an ophthalmologist. The ophthalmologist assesses the eye structure, tear quality, and existing refractive error to determine the most suitable lens type, material, and parameters for the individual.

Lens Types and Purposes of Use: Contact lenses vary according to their purpose of use, duration, and materials:

Daily Disposable Lenses: Ideal for those seeking hygiene and practicality. A new pair of lenses is used every day and thrown away at the end of the day, eliminating the need for solution and lens cases. They are advantageous, especially for individuals with allergic eye structures or a busy schedule.
Monthly/Bi-Weekly Lenses: Offer longer-term use with regular care and disinfection. They can be an economical option but require strict maintenance discipline.
Annual Lenses: Produced from more durable materials and may be preferred for special circumstances. They require meticulous care and regular doctor check-ups.
Toric Lenses: Specially designed to ensure clear vision for individuals with astigmatism.
Multifocal (Progressive) Lenses: Provide clear vision at both distant and near ranges for individuals with presbyopia, i.e., age-related near vision problems.
Colored Lenses: Used for cosmetic purposes and come in prescription or non-prescription options. However, even for aesthetic purposes, colored lenses must be obtained under the control of an ophthalmologist and with a prescription, and it should be known that low-quality and over-the-counter products carry serious eye health risks.

The Importance of a Contact Lens Prescription: A contact lens prescription is different from a glasses prescription and includes specific parameters such as the lens base curve (BC), diameter (DIA), lens power (PWR), cylinder (CYL), and axis (AX) for astigmatic lenses. These parameters are critically important for the lens to sit correctly and healthily on the eye. Selecting lenses on your own or based only on the glasses prescription number can lead to serious problems such as stinging, redness, blurred vision, and even corneal damage.

Why is an Ophthalmologist Check-up Mandatory? An ophthalmologist check-up is mandatory not only for determining the correct lens prescription but also for evaluating general eye health. The doctor:

Evaluates the suitability of the eye structure (corneal curvature, eyelid structure, etc.) and tear film quality for lens use.
Detects possible allergies or sensitivities.
Determines the correct lens type and material (considering factors like oxygen permeability – Dk/L value).
Provides detailed training on insertion, removal, and care of lenses. Therefore, lens selection should not be reduced only to the number of the refractive error; many factors such as lifestyle, eye health status, and specific eye measurements should be evaluated together.

Gold Standards in Contact Lens Care and Hygiene

Because contact lenses directly contact the eye surface, meticulous adherence to care and hygiene rules is of vital importance for protecting eye health. Correct and regular care minimizes the risk of infection, extends the life of the lenses, and increases wearing comfort.

Hand Washing: The First and Most Important Step: Before touching the lenses, hands must be thoroughly washed with soap (preferably non-moisturizing) and dried with a clean, lint-free towel. This simple step prevents the transfer of bacteria and dirt from the hands to the eye.

Step-by-Step Lens Cleaning, Rinsing, and Disinfection: The following steps should be applied every time the lens is removed:

Cleaning: The lens is placed in the palm, a few drops of fresh lens solution are dispensed onto it, and it is gently rubbed with the index finger of the other hand (mechanical cleaning). This process removes accumulated protein, lipids, and other residues from the lens surface. Even when using “no-rub” solutions, mechanical cleaning is generally recommended.
Rinsing: After rubbing, the lens is thoroughly rinsed with fresh lens solution again to remove loosened residues.
Disinfection: The cleaned and rinsed lens is placed in a clean lens case and filled with fresh solution until it is completely covered. The lens is left to disinfect for the duration specified on the solution (usually at least 4-6 hours). The old solution in the lens case should absolutely not be reused or topped up with new solution; fresh solution must be used every time.

How to Choose and Use the Correct Lens Solution: There are lens solutions with different features on the market:

Multi-purpose Solutions: Offer the ability to clean, rinse, disinfect, and store lenses with a single product. Their use is practical.
Hydrogen Peroxide Systems: Generally do not contain preservatives and provide deep disinfection. However, these systems require a special lens case and a neutralization tablet or disk. Inserting the lens into the eye before the neutralization process is complete can cause severe burning and irritation. The ophthalmologist will recommend the most suitable solution for the lens type used and the person’s eye structure. Not every solution may be compatible with every lens material. Care should be taken not to touch the tip of the solution bottle to any surface (finger, lens, lens case, etc.), as this can lead to contamination of the solution. It should be remembered that saline solution is only for rinsing and has no disinfecting properties. Tap water should absolutely not be used for lens cleaning or storage, as it may harbor dangerous microorganisms like Acanthamoeba and can cause serious infections that may lead to blindness.

Lens Case Cleaning and Replacement: The Key Point to Preventing Infections: The lens case can create a suitable environment for the growth of bacteria and fungi. Therefore:

The lens case should be emptied after every use, rinsed with fresh solution, and left to air dry with the cap open.
The lens case should be regularly replaced with a new one, at least every 1-3 months. The invisible biofilm layer that forms in the lens case is a significant risk factor for infections.

Protein Cleaning: Especially in lenses used for a month or longer, protein deposits from tears may accumulate. These deposits can reduce lens comfort and cause allergic reactions. An ophthalmologist may recommend enzymatic cleaning tablets or special protein remover solutions, if necessary, to prevent protein buildup.

Techniques for Safely Inserting and Removing Contact Lenses

Inserting and removing lenses correctly is a fundamental skill for both extending the lens life and protecting eye health. Although it requires some practice initially, it can be mastered quickly with the correct techniques and patience.

Points to Consider Before Insertion:

Hand Cleanliness: As always, hands should be thoroughly washed with soap and dried with a lint-free towel before touching the lenses.
Checking the Lens: The lens should be placed on the tip of the index finger and held up to the light for inspection. The lens must be clean, moist, and free of any scratches, nicks, tears, or foreign particles. A damaged or dirty lens should absolutely not be used.
The Correct Orientation of the Lens: Soft lenses can turn inside out. Ensure the lens is in the correct orientation. When correct, the lens appears like a “cup” or “bowl” with the edges pointing upwards. If it is flipped inside out, it looks like a slightly flared “saucer.” An incorrectly inserted lens causes discomfort and does not provide clear vision.

Lens Insertion Technique:

Place the lens on the tip of the index finger of the right hand (or dominant hand).
Use the middle finger of the same hand to pull the lower eyelid down by holding the base of the lashes.
Use the middle finger of the other hand to pull the upper eyelid up towards the brow bone by holding the base of the lashes and securing it. This will prevent blinking.
Looking directly ahead or slightly upward into the mirror, slowly and gently place the lens onto the iris, the colored part of the eye.
After ensuring the lens is seated on the eye, slowly release the lower eyelid first, then the upper eyelid.
Blink your eye slowly a few times. Check that the lens is in place and your vision is clear.

Lens Removal Technique:

Hands must be washed and dried thoroughly again.
Look upward and pull the lower eyelid down with the middle finger of one hand.
Gently touch the lower edge of the lens with the index finger of your other hand and slide the lens down toward the white part of the eye (sclera).
Gently pinch the lens off your eye using the tips of your thumb and index finger. Avoid grabbing the lens with your fingernails, as this can damage the lens. These techniques ensure the safe and comfortable use of lenses. Difficulty is normal initially, but these procedures will become easier with practice.

Common Mistakes in Contact Lens Use and Their Serious Consequences

Contact lenses are safe and effective vision correction tools when used correctly. However, some common mistakes can seriously threaten eye health and lead to permanent problems. Avoiding these mistakes is essential for a comfortable and safe lens experience.

Sleeping with Lenses: A Risk to Eye Health: One of the most common mistakes is sleeping with lenses. Because the eyelid is closed during sleep, the oxygen supply to the cornea decreases. The contact lens further restricts this oxygen transfer, setting the stage for edema (swelling), vascularization, and most importantly, serious corneal infections called microbial keratitis. Although there are some special lenses labeled as “extended wear” (that can be slept in), even this usage carries risks and must be done strictly under the close supervision and approval of an ophthalmologist. It is estimated that approximately 1 million people seek medical attention each year in the USA due to contact lens complications, and a significant portion of these cases result from sleeping with lenses.

Water Contact Danger: Using Lenses in Tap Water, Shower, Pool, and Sea: Contact lenses must absolutely be prevented from coming into contact with tap water, shower water, pool water, or sea water. These waters may harbor dangerous microorganisms like Acanthamoeba. Acanthamoeba keratitis is an extremely difficult-to-treat, painful, and serious corneal infection that can lead to blindness. It is reported that 90% of Acanthamoeba keratitis cases are contact lens users. Lenses must be removed when swimming or showering, or waterproof protective swimming goggles must be worn.

Lens Use While Applying Makeup: Points to Consider: Makeup products can contaminate the lens surface, leading to irritation, allergy, and infections. The correct sequence is: Lenses should be inserted first, then makeup applied. Lenses should be removed before removing makeup. It is recommended to prefer cream eyeshadows over powder eyeshadows, waterproof mascaras, and to avoid applying eyeliner to the inner part of the lash line (the waterline).

Disadvantages of Using Torn or Damaged Lenses: Lenses that are torn, scratched, have damaged edges, or have residue on them must absolutely not be used. Such lenses can cause abrasions on the cornea, stinging sensation, redness, and increased risk of infection. If any damage is noticed on the lens, it should be immediately discarded and replaced with a new one.

Exceeding Lens Wear Time and Expired Products: The specified wear times for daily, bi-weekly, or monthly lenses must be strictly adhered to. Protein and microbe buildup increases in expired lenses, their oxygen permeability decreases, the material deteriorates, comfort drops, and the risk of infection significantly increases. Similarly, expired lens solutions also lose their sterile properties and effectiveness, increasing the risk of infection.

Sharing Lenses with Others: Contact lenses are personal medical devices. Trying someone else’s lens or sharing your own lens with someone else can lead to the transmission of serious infections from eye to eye (through tears, which can carry systemic diseases like Hepatitis and HIV) and must absolutely be avoided.

Being aware of these mistakes and avoiding them is the key to safely enjoying the freedom and comfort brought by contact lens use. It must be remembered that even small negligences can lead to major and sometimes irreversible consequences on eye health.

Protection from Eye Infections and Recognizing Symptoms

Contact lens use can pose a significant risk factor for eye infections, especially when hygiene and care rules are not adhered to meticulously. The most effective way to protect against these infections is to strictly follow the ophthalmologist’s recommendations and to seek immediate medical attention by recognizing possible infection symptoms early.

Common Symptoms of Contact Lens-Related Eye Infections: Lens users should be vigilant if they notice any of the following symptoms:

Noticeable redness and swelling in the eye.
Pain or stinging sensation in the eye, which can be severe.
Increased sensitivity to light (photophobia).
Excessive watering of the eye or yellowish, greenish discharge.
Blurred vision or sudden reduction in visual acuity.
A persistent foreign body sensation in the eye.
Eyelids sticking together in the morning.

Important Types of Infections and Risks:

Microbial Keratitis: This is the infection of the cornea (the clear front layer of the eye) by bacteria, fungi, viruses, or parasites. It is one of the most common and serious complications among contact lens users. Microbial keratitis can lead to permanent scars on the cornea, vision loss, and even, in rare cases, loss of the eye. Statistics estimate that microbial keratitis can develop in 2 to 20 out of every 10,000 contact lens users. The use of colored lenses obtained over-the-counter or online without control can increase this risk up to 16 times.
Acanthamoeba Keratitis: This is a rare but extremely dangerous and difficult-to-treat corneal infection caused by an amoeba called Acanthamoeba. This amoeba is generally found in tap water, pools, lakes, sea, and spa waters. Contact of lenses with these types of water (e.g., showering, swimming with lenses, or washing lenses with tap water) greatly increases the risk of infection. Acanthamoeba keratitis can cause severe pain, corneal ulceration, and permanent vision loss; in some cases, a corneal transplant may be required. It has been reported that 90% of the estimated 1,500 annual cases of Acanthamoeba keratitis are contact lens users.

In Which Situations Should You Consult an Ophthalmologist Urgently? If any of the infection symptoms listed above appear, especially if there is severe eye pain, noticeable redness, discharge, and blurred vision, lenses must be immediately removed, and an ophthalmologist should be consulted without delay. Attempting self-treatment, neglecting the condition, or ignoring the symptoms can lead to the progression of the infection and an increased risk of permanent corneal damage. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are critically important for preserving vision. It should be remembered that damage such as corneal scars caused by some infections can be irreversible and lead to permanent vision problems.

The table below summarizes the fundamental dos and don’ts to consider when using contact lenses:

Table 1: Dos and Don’ts in Contact Lens Use
What to Do	What Not to Do
Wash your hands with soap and dry them with a lint-free towel before touching the lenses.	Absolutely do not sleep with your lenses (unless specifically stated by your doctor).
Always use the lens solution recommended by your ophthalmologist and renew the solution with every use.	Do not let your lenses or lens case come into contact with tap water, shower water, pool, or sea water.
Clean your lens case with solution every day, leave it to air dry, and replace it at least every 3 months.	Do not let your lenses or lens case come into contact with tap water, shower water, pool, or sea water.
Use your lenses in accordance with the insertion and removal techniques specified by your ophthalmologist.	Never share your contact lenses with others or use someone else’s lens.
Strictly adhere to the specified wear time of your lenses (daily, monthly, etc.) and discard expired lenses.	Do not use expired lenses or lens solutions.
Insert your lenses before applying makeup, and remove your lenses before removing your makeup.	Do not continue wearing lenses if you have complaints such as redness, pain, stinging, discharge, or blurred vision; consult your doctor.
Have your regular eye check-ups done.	Do not buy lenses without a doctor’s prescription and check-up (especially online).
Use the preservative-free artificial tear drops recommended by your doctor if you feel dry eye.	Do not keep your lenses in your eye for longer than the specified time.

Adhering to these simple rules will make contact lens use safer and more comfortable, helping you protect your eye health.

Practical and Healthy Advice for Glasses Users

Glasses are important accessories that correct vision defects, as well as complementing style when chosen correctly. To ensure both clear vision and long-lasting use, there are some important points to consider regarding the selection, care, and use of glasses.

How to Choose Glasses Suitable for Your Face Shape and Lifestyle?

Choosing the correct glasses is of great importance for both an aesthetic appearance and comfort of use. Glasses that adapt to facial features and have materials and features suitable for the lifestyle not only provide clear vision but can also boost a person’s self-confidence.

Ideal Glasses Frame: Material, Fit, and Comfort

Frame Selection According to Face Shape: Some generally accepted principles can guide the selection of frames suitable for the face shape:
- Oval Face: It is generally accepted that almost any model suits this face shape due to balanced proportions. The frame width being proportionate to the widest part of the face is ideal.
- Round Face: Angular, geometric, and rectangular frames can be preferred to make the face look longer and thinner. Thick frames can also add character to the facial features.
- Square Face: Soft-lined frames like round, oval, or cat-eye can be chosen to balance the prominent jawline and wide forehead. This helps soften sharp lines.
- Heart (Triangle) Face: Frames that are wider at the bottom and narrower or detailed at the top (e.g., browline) or rimless (faset) styles may be suitable to balance the wide forehead and narrow chin.
- Long (Rectangular) Face: Wide, square, or frames with pronounced horizontal lines, with decorative temples or bridges, can be preferred to make the face appear shorter and wider.
Frame Materials and Properties: The material the frame is made of affects the weight, durability, flexibility, and compatibility with the skin:
- Acetate (Cellulose Acetate): A natural plastic derived from cotton. It is light, durable, and offers rich color and pattern options. It is generally hypoallergenic and fits well with the skin. It is easily processed and has a glossy appearance.
- Metal (Stainless Steel, Monel, Beryllium, etc.): Offers a thin, elegant, and classic look. It is durable, but some metals like nickel can cause allergies. Their resistance to corrosion varies.
- Titanium: Extremely light, very durable, flexible, and shows excellent resistance to corrosion. It is ideal for sensitive skin as it is hypoallergenic. It is generally higher priced than other materials.
- Flexible Plastics (TR90, Ultem, etc.): Light, flexible, and highly resistant to breakage. It is a good option, especially for children, athletes, or individuals with an active lifestyle. Thermoplastic and thermoset plastics belong to this group.
Importance of Frame Adjustment: The glasses fitting the face perfectly and comfortably is critically important for comfortable use and correct optical performance. The glasses should not slide off the face or exert excessive pressure on the temples or bridge of the nose. Features like adjustable nose pads and spring hinges can increase personalized fit and comfort. For the correct adjustment of the glasses, assistance from an experienced optician should be sought. Situations such as one of the temples hanging in the air or one lens being closer to the face than the other indicate poor adjustment and need correction.
Temple Length and Ear Fit: The length of the temples should be adjusted to fit comfortably behind the ear and prevent the glasses from slipping with head movements. The pressure exerted by the temples behind the ear should be neither too tight nor too loose.

The Right Glasses Lens: Importance of Materials, Coatings, and UV Protection

Lens Materials: Glasses lenses can be produced from different materials, and each has its advantages/disadvantages:
- Organic (Plastic – CR39): The most commonly used material today. Its biggest advantages are that it is lightweight and more durable against breakage than glass. However, it is more prone to scratching.
- Mineral (Glass): Offers excellent optical clarity and is highly resistant to scratching. However, it is heavier and more fragile than organic lenses. It can thicken at high prescriptions. It may be preferred in special situations.
- Polycarbonate: Thinner and lighter than organic lenses, it is extremely resistant to impact. For this reason, it is an ideal choice for children’s glasses, sports glasses, and safety glasses. It naturally blocks UV rays.
- Trivex/Tribrid: Similar to polycarbonate, it is light and impact-resistant, but is stated to offer better optical clarity. It also provides UV protection.
Glasses Lens Coatings: Various coatings applied to glasses lenses enhance visual comfort, extend the lens life, and provide additional benefits:
- Anti-Reflective Coating (AR): Reduces reflections on the lens surface, providing clearer and more comfortable vision. It is important, especially when driving at night, working at a computer, and for the eyes to be more visible in photos.
- Hard Coating (Scratch-Resistant Coating): Extends the life of the lens, especially by increasing the scratch resistance of organic lenses.
- Hydrophobic (Water-Repellent) and Oleophobic (Oil and Dirt Resistant) Coating: Makes the lens surface smoother, making it difficult for water droplets, oil, and dirt to adhere. This makes the lenses easier to clean and keeps them clean longer.
- Blue Light Filter Coating: Filters some of the high-energy blue light emitted from digital screens like computers, tablets, and smartphones, which can help reduce eye strain and protect the sleep cycle.
- UV Protection Coating: Protects the eyes almost 100% from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UVA and UVB) rays. This coating must be present on all glasses lenses, with or without prescription, especially sunglasses. The “UV400” label on sunglasses indicates that the lens blocks UV rays up to 400 nanometers, a standard required for full protection. Having the “CE” certificate, which shows compliance of the glasses with European Union standards, is also an indicator of quality and safety.
- Photochromic (Transitions) Coating: Lenses that are clear indoors and automatically darken when exposed to sunlight outdoors, serving as sunglasses.
- Mirror Coating: In addition to offering an aesthetic appearance, it provides comfort by reducing the amount of light entering the eye, especially in intensely bright environments (snow, seaside, etc.).
- Anti-fog Coating: Significantly reduces or prevents lens fogging, which increases, especially when transitioning from cold to hot or with mask use.

Glasses selection is a personal preference, as well as a decision that directly affects eye health. Therefore, the healthiest way to combine the correct prescription, a suitable frame, and lens features tailored to needs is to seek support from a specialist ophthalmologist and an experienced optician. Quality glasses bring not only good vision but also long-term eye health and comfort.

Cleaning and Care Tips to Extend the Life of Your Glasses

With proper care and cleaning, glasses can offer clear vision for many years and maintain their original condition. Simple but effective cleaning habits prevent the lenses from scratching, prevent the frame from deforming, and ensure hygienic use.

Methods for Scratch-Free and Effective Cleaning of Glasses Lenses: Being careful when cleaning glasses lenses is critically important to prevent scratches.

Pre-Rinse: Before wiping the lenses, it is important to lightly rinse them under lukewarm water to remove dust and small particles from their surface. This step prevents these particles from scratching the lens during wiping. Purified or drinking water may be preferred, if possible, to prevent hard water from leaving stains on the lenses.
Gentle Cleaning: A drop of lotion-free, pH-neutral dish soap or special glasses cleaning solution is gently spread over both surfaces of the lenses with fingertips. Products containing harsh chemicals, alcohol-based cleaners, or abrasive substances should absolutely not be used, as they can damage lens coatings.
Rinsing Again: The lenses are thoroughly rinsed again under lukewarm water to completely remove soap or solution residue.
Drying: The ideal material for drying the lenses is a clean, lint-free microfiber cloth. Microfiber cloths effectively absorb moisture and remaining dirt without scratching the lens surface. Materials like paper towels, napkins, or clothing fabric can cause micro-scratches on the lenses due to the harsh fibers they contain, and these scratches can accumulate over time, reducing visual quality. After shaking off excess water, the glasses should be gently wiped and dried with a microfiber cloth.

Care and Hygiene of Glasses Frames: Glasses frames require regular cleaning and care as much as the lenses.

Frames can be washed with lukewarm soapy water along with the lenses. Especially the nose pads and the parts of the temples behind the ears, which contact the skin, are more susceptible to becoming dirty due to sweat, oil, and cosmetic residues. These areas should be cleaned regularly, with the help of a soft brush if necessary.
A greenish oxidation (especially in copper-containing alloys) or whitish salt deposits may appear on metal frames over time. In this case, professional cleaning and care may be necessary by consulting an optician.
The frame screws should be checked periodically to see if they have loosened and tightened by an optician if necessary.

These simple care steps ensure that the glasses last longer and help them always provide a clean and clear view.

Things to Know When Using Glasses

The correct use and protection of glasses are important factors that directly affect both visual quality and eye health. Using glasses with the wrong prescription or exposing them to impact or unsuitable conditions can lead to various problems.

Ways to Protect Your Glasses Against Impact and Scratches: Some precautions must be taken to extend the life of glasses and protect their optical quality:

Use of a Storage Case: Glasses must be stored in their own hard, protective case when not in use. This prevents the glasses from being crushed, scratched, and the frame from deforming. Unprotected carrying in a bag or pocket can cause the lenses to scratch and the frame to bend.
Correct Placement: When the glasses are removed, they should be placed on a flat and secure surface with the lenses facing upward. The lenses contacting the surface increases the risk of scratching.
Protection from Heat and Sunlight: Glasses should be kept away from extremely hot environments (e.g., the dashboard of a car in summer, over a radiator) and prolonged direct sunlight. High heat can damage the frame material (especially plastic ones) and lens coatings, altering their shape.
Keeping Away from Children: Glasses can be an object of curiosity, especially for small children. They should be stored in places inaccessible to children to reduce the risk of breakage or damage.

Problems Caused by Incorrect Prescription or Misaligned Glasses: An unsuitable prescription or a frame not correctly adjusted to the face can lead to various discomforts and vision problems:

Headache: One of the most common problems. The wrong prescription can trigger headaches by causing the eye muscles to constantly exert excessive effort to focus. Even low-grade and unnoticed refractive errors can cause headaches.
Eye Strain (Asthenopia): Burning, stinging, watering, redness, and a general feeling of fatigue can occur in the eyes.
Blurred or Double Vision: When the glasses prescription is incorrect or the optical center of the lenses is not aligned with the pupil, clear vision cannot be achieved, and the image may become blurred or double.
Difficulty Concentrating and Reduced Performance: Difficulty focusing can be experienced, especially in tasks requiring attention like reading or computer use, which can negatively affect work or school performance.
Lazy Eye in Children: In children, the use of an incorrect or incomplete prescription can lead to the progression of lazy eye (amblyopia) or treatment failure.
Effects of Misaligned Frames: A frame that does not fit the face completely, is crooked, has one lens closer or further from the eye than the other, or constantly slips, causes the optical centers of the lenses to be in the wrong position. This can create a prismatic effect, leading to headaches, eye strain, and vision problems. It can also cause pressure and pain on the nose or behind the ear.

Risks of Fake or Low-Quality Glasses: The use of fake or low-quality optical products, especially in sunglasses, carries serious health risks:

Insufficient UV Protection: Low-quality sunglasses generally do not provide adequate protection against harmful UV rays. While dark lenses cause the pupil to dilate, the lack of a UV filter leads to more harmful rays entering the eye. This can increase the risk of cataracts, macular degeneration, and other retinal problems in the long run.
Low Optical Quality: Low-quality lenses may have optical distortions, waviness, and clarity issues. Such lenses can cause headaches, eye strain, and nausea.

For these reasons, high-quality products that comply with the ophthalmologist’s prescription and are obtained from reliable optical stores should be preferred for both the prescription lenses and the frames of the glasses.

When Should You Renew Your Glasses Prescription?

Eye health and vision needs can change over time. Therefore, the glasses prescription being current is essential for the continuity of clear and comfortable vision. Regular eye examinations are of great importance for both maintaining the validity of the prescription and early detection of possible changes in eye health.

Validity Period of Glasses Prescriptions in Turkey: The validity period for obtaining medical materials (lenses and frames) for glasses prescriptions written under the Social Security Institution (SGK) is generally 10 business days from the date of issue. If this period is exceeded, a new prescription is required to purchase glasses with the SGK discount. However, this administrative validity period does not mean that the prescription remains medically correct. Since eye prescriptions can change over time, regular eye examination to check the vision status is what matters.

How Often Are Eye Examinations and Prescription Renewal Required? The frequency of eye examinations can vary depending on age, general health status, and existing eye conditions:

Adults (18-60 years): A comprehensive eye examination is generally recommended every 1-2 years for adults without any complaints or known eye diseases. Contact lens users are usually advised to have annual check-ups.
Children: Because the children’s visual system is in its developmental stage, more frequent check-ups may be required. Eye examinations must be performed within the first year after birth, at age 3, and before starting school. Thereafter, check-ups should continue at intervals recommended by the doctor (usually annually).
Individuals Over 60: It is important for them to have a regular eye examination once a year, as the risk of age-related eye diseases (cataracts, macular degeneration, glaucoma, etc.) increases.
Risk Groups: Individuals with systemic diseases such as diabetes or hypertension, a family history of hereditary eye diseases such as glaucoma or retinal disease, or those using certain medications may need to have examinations at more frequent intervals determined by their ophthalmologist.

In the following situations, a visual aid should be removed and an ophthalmologist should be consulted without waiting for the next scheduled check-up:

Sudden or gradual blurring of vision.
Frequent or severe headaches, especially after reading or computer use.
Increased complaints such as eye strain, burning, stinging, or watering.
Increased sensitivity to light or seeing halos around lights.
Double vision.
Skipping lines or letters while reading, difficulty focusing.

Common Health Advice for Both Contact Lens and Glasses Users

Whether contact lenses or glasses are used, adhering to certain general health advice is important to protect eye health and optimize visual quality. Regular eye examinations, awareness of potential discomforts, and taking precautions against the challenges of the digital age are paramount among these common recommendations.

The Place of Regular Eye Examinations in Your Eye Health

The use of lenses or glasses aims to correct an underlying refractive error. However, regular eye examinations are mandatory for these aids to be accurate and effective. These examinations do not only mean updating the glasses or lens prescription; they are also a comprehensive evaluation of general eye health.

Assessment of Visual Acuity and Refractive Errors: Accurate detection and monitoring of changes over time in refractive errors such as myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism are performed.
Eye Pressure (Glaucoma) Screening: Early diagnosis is vital, especially for individuals with a family history of glaucoma or those over 40, as glaucoma often progresses without symptoms.
Cataract and Macular Degeneration Screening: Early signs of these age-related conditions can be detected.
Monitoring the Effects of Systemic Diseases on the Eye: Certain systemic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and rheumatic diseases can affect the eyes. These effects can be noticed early with regular examinations, and necessary precautions can be taken.
Special Evaluation for Contact Lens Users: Corneal health, lens fit on the eye, and signs of possible allergic reactions or infections are checked.
Evaluation for Glasses Users: It is ensured that the glasses are correctly focused, the frame is suitable for the face, and they do not cause any discomfort.

Many people only consult an ophthalmologist when their vision is blurry. However, regular eye examinations can prevent permanent vision loss by catching many asymptomatic eye diseases in their early stages. Therefore, being examined at the frequency recommended by the ophthalmologist (generally once every 1-2 years for adults), even without any complaints, is the most important step in protecting eye health.

Steps to Follow in Dry Eye and Other Discomforts

The use of lenses or glasses can cause discomforts like dry eye in some individuals or trigger an existing condition. Dry eye manifests with symptoms such as stinging, burning, redness, gritty sensation, sensitivity to light, and occasionally blurred vision. Contact lens users may be more prone to dry eye because the lens affects the tear film layer.

Possible Causes of Dry Eye (Related to Lens and Glasses Use):

Reduced blinking during prolonged screen use (computer, phone).
Air-conditioned, overheated, or dry air environments.
Side effects of certain systemic medications.
Reduced tear production with aging.
Incorrect type or material of contact lenses, improper care, or exceeding the wear time.
Deficiencies in certain vitamins, such as Vitamin A or Vitamin B2, can also contribute to dry eye.

What to Do?

For Lens Users: If dry eye symptoms are present, lenses should be removed immediately, and the eyes should be rested. Preservative-free artificial tear drops can be used, as advised by the ophthalmologist. The lens material or solution may need to be changed.
For Glasses Users: Although wearing glasses does not directly cause dryness, symptoms may increase if there is underlying dryness or if the person works in front of a screen for a long time. The environment can be humidified, plenty of water can be drunk, and regular screen breaks can be taken.
General Measures:
- Humidifying the environment (especially in heated environments during winter).
- Drinking plenty of fluids.
- Wearing protective eyewear outdoors in windy and dry weather.
Consulting a Doctor: If dry eye symptoms do not go away with artificial tear drops and simple measures, are severe, or constantly recur, an ophthalmologist must be consulted. There may be a more serious underlying condition such as Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD), which may require special treatment methods (e.g., LipiFlow, IPL). Self-diagnosis and treatment can worsen the problem.

Lens Stinging or Other Discomforts Caused by Glasses:

Lens Stinging: If the lens causes stinging in the eye, the lens should be removed immediately, cleaned with solution, and checked for tears, scratches, or foreign bodies. If the problem persists or the lens is damaged, it should not be used, and an ophthalmologist should be consulted.
Discomfort Caused by Glasses: Situations such as glasses causing pain or redness on the nose or behind the ear, or constantly slipping off the face, indicate that the frame’s adjustment is incorrect or unsuitable. In this case, an optician should be consulted to have the frame readjusted or replaced if necessary.

Such discomforts should not be neglected, and the goal should be to find and eliminate the underlying cause instead of temporary fixes.

Eye Health in the Digital Age: Effects of Screen Use and Ways to Protect

Today, smartphones, computers, tablets, and televisions have become indispensable parts of our lives. However, prolonged and uncontrolled use of these digital screens can lead to various negative effects on eye health. Problems such as digital eye strain, dry eye, and increased myopia development in children are some of these effects.

Symptoms of Digital Eye Strain: The following symptoms can be observed in individuals who spend long periods in front of a screen:

Dryness, burning, stinging, and itching in the eyes.
Blurred vision or difficulty focusing.
Sensitivity to light.
Headache.
Neck, shoulder, and back pain.
Feeling of fatigue in the eyes.

Causes: The number of blinks drops to about one-third of normal when looking at digital screens. This causes the eye surface to dry out. Additionally, screens are generally looked at from a close distance and with a fixed focus for a long time, which leads to excessive straining of the eye muscles. Prolonged exposure to blue light emitted from screens is also thought to contribute to eye strain and can negatively affect the sleep cycle.

Ways to Protect: Some simple and effective measures that can be taken to protect against the negative effects of digital screens are:

The 20-20-20 Rule: This is one of the most frequently recommended and easy-to-apply methods. After every 20 minutes of screen use, the eyes should be rested by looking at an object at least 20 feet (approximately 6 meters) away for 20 seconds. This helps the eye muscles relax and refocus.
Correct Screen Distance and Position: The computer screen should be at least 50-60 cm (an arm’s length) away from the eyes and slightly below eye level. This reduces neck and eye strain.
Screen Brightness and Contrast: Screen brightness should be adjusted appropriately to the ambient light level. Too bright or too dim screens strain the eyes more. Contrast settings should also be optimized to increase clarity.
Increasing Blinking: Care should be taken to blink more frequently consciously when working in front of a screen. It may be beneficial to close and rest the eyes for a few seconds at short intervals if necessary.
Blue Light Filters and Glasses: Blue light filters that can be attached to screens or special glasses with blue light filters can be used, especially in the evening or during prolonged screen use. Many digital devices now also have software settings that reduce blue light, such as “night mode” or “reading mode.”
Taking Regular Breaks: During prolonged screen use, breaks of at least 5-10 minutes should be taken every hour to rest the eyes, stand up and walk around, and look at different distances.
Ambient Lighting: It is important that the working environment is well-lit and free of disturbing reflections on the screen.
Limiting Screen Time in Children: Children’s eyes are more sensitive to the negative effects of screens as they are developing. Organizations like the American Academy of Pediatrics do not recommend screen use for children under 2 years of age and advise limiting it to 1 hour per day for children aged 2-5. For older children and adolescents, screen time should also be managed in a balanced way, dedicating sufficient time to physical activity and social interactions.
Precautions Against Dry Eye: Since screen use can trigger dry eye, humidifying the environment, consuming plenty of fluids, and using artificial tear drops recommended by an ophthalmologist, if necessary, may be beneficial.

These measures are important for protecting eye health in the digital age and minimizing the negative effects of screens. Possible problems can also be detected early through regular eye examinations.

The table below summarizes the fundamental dos and don’ts to consider when using glasses:

Table 2: Dos and Don’ts in Glasses Use
What to Do	What Not to Do
Put on and take off your glasses with both hands always.	Do not use your T-shirt, napkin, or paper towel to clean your glasses; these can scratch the lenses.
Regularly clean your glasses lenses with a microfiber cloth and special glasses cleaning spray or lukewarm soapy water.	Do not leave your glasses with the lenses touching the surface; always place them with the lenses facing upward or put them in their case.
Always store your glasses in their protective hard case when not in use.	Do not leave your glasses in extremely hot environments (e.g., the car dashboard, sauna) or under direct sunlight for a long time.
Ensure that the adjustment of your glasses frame (nose pads, temple adjustment) fits your face perfectly; have your optician adjust them if necessary.	Do not use harsh chemicals such as ammonia, bleach, or acetone to clean your glasses lenses; these can damage the coatings.
Have regular eye check-ups to ensure your glasses prescription is current.	Absolutely do not use someone else’s glasses; everyone’s eye prescription and focal point are different.
Ensure that your sunglasses and your daily prescription glasses have UV protection.	When the screws of your glasses loosen or the frame bends, do not try to fix them yourself; take them to an optician.
For children’s glasses, ensure the lenses are made of impact-resistant material (like polycarbonate) and the frames are flexible.	Do not continue viewing with an incorrect or old prescription; this can cause problems such as headaches and eye strain.

Paying attention to these simple rules will extend the life of your glasses, provide more comfortable use, and help you protect your eye health.

Conscious Use for Clear Vision and Healthy Eyes

Lenses and glasses are valuable aids that significantly improve visual quality and simplify daily life when chosen correctly, maintained properly, and used consciously. In light of the information covered in this guide, meticulous adherence to hygiene rules, not neglecting regular ophthalmologist check-ups, and being aware of potential risks are fundamental requirements for users to protect their eye health at the highest level.

In contact lens use, rules such as hand hygiene, correct use of solutions, cleaning and regular replacement of the lens case, avoiding sleeping with lenses, and avoiding contact with water minimize the risk of infection. Similarly, for glasses users, choosing the correct lenses and frames, regular cleaning, storing glasses protectively, and using an up-to-date prescription provide both comfortable vision and prevent problems such as eye strain.

It must be remembered that the eyes are extremely sensitive and valuable organs; taking good care of them is the individual’s own responsibility. When any concern, complaint, or unusual condition related to eye health is noticed, the correct approach is to consult a specialist ophthalmologist without delay for accurate diagnosis, personalized treatment, and current information. In this way, potential problems can be detected in the early stages, preventing more serious complications and ensuring the continuity of healthy vision throughout life. Please do not hesitate to contact Dr. Semrin Timlioğlu for your eye health questions or appointment requests.

The articles and images contained on our site are for informational purposes only. They do not replace diagnosis and treatment, nor do they carry legal responsibility.

Points to Consider Regarding the Use of Contact Lenses and Glasses

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