The visual system is not only composed of the eyes; the visual centers of the brain are also critically important for healthy vision. CVI (Cortical Visual Impairment) is a condition where the brain cannot correctly process visual information, even though there is no structural problem with the eyes. CVI, which has been frequently diagnosed in recent years, especially in children, is considered a neurological vision disorder. So, what is CVI? What are its symptoms and how is it treated? Here are all the details!

What is CVI (Cortical Visual Impairment)?

CVI is a vision disorder resulting from the impairment of the brain’s ability to process visual information. Despite the normal functioning of the eyes and optic nerves, the brain cannot correctly perceive and interpret the incoming visual data. This condition is usually caused by lack of oxygen to the brain, complications during birth, or neurological diseases. Cortical Visual Impairment is seen more frequently, especially in prematurely born babies, patients with cerebral palsy, and children who experienced oxygen deprivation during birth. However, it can also develop in adults due to traumatic brain injury or neurological diseases.

Cortical Visual Impairment is seen more frequently, especially in prematurely born babies, patients with cerebral palsy, and children who experienced oxygen deprivation during birth. However, it can also develop in adults due to traumatic brain injury or neurological diseases.

What are the Symptoms of CVI?

CVI symptoms can vary from person to person. The most common symptoms are: Visual Uncertainty, the person may not see objects clearly or may have difficulty distinguishing a specific object. Visual Clutter, difficulty recognizing objects in crowded environments or intense patterns. Vision Fluctuations, the individual may sometimes see better and sometimes lose visual ability. Easier to See Moving Objects, difficulty perceiving static objects, but better notice moving objects. Visual Memory Problems, difficulty recognizing an object seen previously. Low Contrast Sensitivity, difficulty perceiving the difference between light and dark colors. Difficulty Making Eye Contact, children, in particular, may struggle to make eye contact, and their interactions may be limited.

CVI symptoms can be confused with other vision disorders. Therefore, it needs to be diagnosed with a detailed neurological and ophthalmological eye examination.

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What Causes CVI?

The most common causes of CVI are: Premature Birth, damage can occur in the visual pathways because the brain does not develop sufficiently in premature babies. Oxygen Deprivation During Birth (Hypoxia), the brain not getting enough oxygen can affect the visual centers and cause CVI. Cerebral Palsy, vision disorders are common in individuals with cerebral palsy due to brain damage. Brain Hemorrhage and Infections, brain hemorrhages before or after birth, and infections like meningitis can trigger CVI. Traumatic Brain Injuries, head trauma, concussions, or brain surgeries can lead to the development of CVI. Epilepsy and Neurological Diseases, neurological disorders like epilepsy can also affect visual processing ability.

Understanding the underlying cause of CVI is critically important for the correct management of the treatment process.

How is CVI Diagnosed?

Cortical Visual Impairment (CVI) arises due to disruptions in the brain’s process of handling visual information, rather than a direct structural disorder in the eye structures. This condition cannot be detected with traditional eye tests and requires special assessment methods. The CVI diagnostic process involves a multidisciplinary approach that examines the individual’s visual perception, eye movements, and brain activity. Early diagnosis is of great importance to ensure that the individual is directed to appropriate education and therapy programs that support their visual abilities. Here are the methods and process details used in the diagnosis of CVI.

• Visual Behavior Analysis: The visual reactions of the child or adult are observed.
• Eye Examination: The eye is checked for structural disorders.
• Brain Imaging (MRI, EEG): The visual center of the brain is examined, and any damage is determined.
• Visual Perception Tests: The individual’s reaction to visual stimuli is tested.

Early diagnosis ensures that individuals with CVI benefit from appropriate education and rehabilitation programs.

Can CVI Be Treated?

Cortical Visual Impairment (CVI) is a condition resulting from the brain’s inability to process visual data rather than a direct problem related to the eyes. Therefore, classic glasses or surgical interventions are not effective in treating CVI. However, it is possible to increase the quality of life and improve visual ability through vision rehabilitation methods aimed at strengthening the individual’s visual perception. Personalized therapy programs, digital supports, and educational approaches can help individuals with CVI better perceive their environment. Here are the effective methods to reduce the effects of CVI.

• Vision Rehabilitation: Special exercises are applied to improve the visual perceptions of individuals with CVI.
• Contrast and Color Training: Training with high-contrast objects can increase visual awareness.
• Working with Moving Objects: Since individuals with CVI have difficulty perceiving static objects, training with moving objects can be beneficial.
• Digital and Technological Supports: Special software, high-contrast screens, and audio descriptions can make the daily life of individuals with CVI easier.
• Special Education Programs: Individual education programs are important for children to support their development.
• Neurological and Occupational Therapy Support: Physiotherapy and neurological rehabilitation programs for the brain damage causing CVI can be applied.

Since the CVI level of every individual is different, a personalized treatment plan should be created.

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CVI is a disorder that affects the brain’s ability to process visual information without a structural problem in the eyes. Especially in children, early diagnosis and appropriate vision rehabilitation play a major role in increasing visual skills. If you observe CVI symptoms in your child or loved ones, it is important to consult an ophthalmologist and a neurologist and have the necessary tests done.

Don’t forget to consult an expert ophthalmologist for more information about CVI!